What best describes a situation that is uncertain, difficult, or painful?

A dilemma is best described as a situation that is uncertain, difficult, or painful because it typically involves having to make a choice between two or more challenging options, each with its own drawbacks or negative outcomes. Dilemmas often arise in scenarios where there is no clear right or wrong answer, leading to increased stress and uncertainty for the individual faced with the decision. This complexity embodies the essence of being in a difficult or painful situation, as one must navigate potential conflicts or moral quandaries, making it distinctly different from situations that are more straightforward or positive in nature.

The other terms do not encapsulate the same level of complexity as a dilemma: a resolution implies a solution to a problem; an opportunity suggests a favorable circumstance; and a decision refers to the act of making a choice, which does not inherently convey difficulty or pain.