What is another term for probable cause?

The term "articulable suspicion" is closely related to probable cause in the context of law enforcement and criminal justice. Probable cause refers to the reasonable belief that a crime has occurred, is occurring, or will occur, supported by specific facts or evidence. Articulable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause but is relevant because it represents a law enforcement officer's ability to articulate why they believe a stop or search is warranted. In this way, articulable suspicion serves as a basis for how an officer may initiate an encounter based on observable facts or circumstances, making it a key component of justifiable actions in law enforcement.

While reasonable suspicion is a similar concept, its primary application is more about the belief that criminal activity is afoot, requiring only a minimal level of certainty. This stands in contrast to probable cause, which requires stronger evidence. Hunch and personal belief do not meet the legal standards necessary to justify searches or seizures and are therefore not interchangeable with probable cause. Understanding these distinctions is essential for anyone studying law enforcement protocols and rights regarding search and seizure.