What is considered a valid reason for a law enforcement officer to initiate a pretext stop?

A valid reason for a law enforcement officer to initiate a pretext stop is the observation of a traffic infraction. This is crucial because traffic laws are established to promote safety on the roads, and any violation of these laws provides a legitimate basis for law enforcement to stop a vehicle. When an officer observes a traffic infraction, such as speeding, running a stop sign, or other violations, it gives them the legal justification needed to initiate a stop, which may lead to further investigation. In the context of a pretext stop, once the officer has legally stopped the vehicle for the observed infraction, they can then investigate for other possible illegal activities. This approach aligns with constitutional law, balancing the need for public safety with respecting individual rights.

While a hunch about criminal activity, information from a tipster, or nearby reports of crime could inform an officer's suspicion, they are not standalone, legally justifiable reasons to initiate a stop without the presence of a clear violation of law. Observing an actual infraction provides a concrete, observable basis for action.