What term describes the smaller segment of the population that differs from the majority by one or more characteristics?

The term that describes the smaller segment of the population that differs from the majority by one or more characteristics is "minority." This term is commonly used in social sciences and demographics to refer to groups that are smaller in number relative to the larger population or majority group. A minority can be defined based on various factors such as ethnicity, religion, language, sexual orientation, or other distinguishing characteristics.

Understanding the concept of minority is crucial in various fields, including law enforcement, where recognizing and respecting the rights and needs of minority groups can lead to fairer practices and community relations. Minority groups may face different challenges and issues that need to be acknowledged and addressed, making this term significant in discussions about representation, rights, and social justice.

The other terms provided do not accurately define the concept. "Demographic" refers to statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it—it’s a broader term that encompasses both majority and minority populations. "Majority" simply represents the larger segment of the population, while "assembly" refers to a gathering of people, which is unrelated to population characteristics. Thus, minority is the most accurate term for the described segment of the population.