What type of damage occurs through bending or twisting of the vehicle without direct contact?

The correct answer is induced damage, which describes the type of damage that happens as a result of bending or twisting of the vehicle structure, rather than from direct impact. This kind of damage is often not immediately visible because it affects the internal structure of the vehicle, which might not show obvious signs of trauma from an external perspective.

Induced damage can occur from a variety of situations, such as when a vehicle is subjected to forces during a collision that cause distortions, even if there is no direct contact with another object. This can lead to issues like frame misalignment or stress on components that are not immediately evident.

In contrast, contact damage specifically refers to damage caused by direct physical contact with an object, making it a different phenomenon altogether. External damage is related to the visible aspects of a vehicle's bodywork that are impacted directly. Internal damage might describe issues that arise within the vehicle system or components, but it does not specifically refer to the bending or twisting effects that characterize induced damage. Therefore, the understanding of induced damage is particularly important in auto mechanics and accident reconstruction to assess the overall condition and structural integrity of the vehicle.