Which of the following types of suspicion requires more justification than mere suspicion?

The concept of reasonable suspicion is a critical standard in law enforcement that requires officers to have a specific and articulable basis for suspecting that a person is involved in criminal activity. This level of suspicion is more than a vague hunch or unparticular feeling; it necessitates concrete and identifiable facts indicating that a crime may be occurring or has occurred.

Reasonable suspicion is based on the totality of the circumstances and can be established by specific observations, patterns of behavior, or other evidence that, when taken together, would lead a reasonable person to believe that criminal activity is afoot. This standard is essential because it balances the need for effective law enforcement with the protection of individual rights against arbitrary police actions.

In contrast, the other types of suspicion listed do not carry the same level of justification requirement. Consensual suspicion does not necessitate any suspicion at all, as it involves the voluntary interaction between police and individuals. Probable suspicion is not a commonly recognized term in legal context, with probable cause being the correct term that indicates a higher threshold than reasonable suspicion necessary for actions such as arrests or search warrants. Qualified suspicion is also not a standard used in law enforcement and may cause confusion.

Thus, reasonable suspicion stands out as the type of suspicion that