Which type of crimes are often referred to as "victimless crimes"?

Victimless crimes are typically defined as offenses that do not have a direct, identifiable victim who suffers harm as a result. Vice crimes, which involve activities that are considered immoral or against societal norms but do not involve an immediate victim, fit this definition well. Examples include drug use, prostitution, and gambling, where the individuals participating in these activities are often seen as consenting adults making personal choices.

In contrast, white-collar crimes frequently involve deceit for financial gain and typically impact victims indirectly, often through financial losses. Property crimes involve the theft or destruction of someone’s property, which clearly leaves identifiable victims. Cyber crimes can affect individuals or organizations in tangible ways, often leading to data breaches or financial loss. Therefore, vice crimes stand out as crimes that are consensual in nature, thus earning the label of "victimless."